How do antioxidants relate to free radicals?

Antioxidants play a crucial role in neutralizing free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can cause damage to cells. Free radicals are generated during normal metabolic processes and can also arise from environmental factors like pollution or UV radiation. Their instability stems from having unpaired electrons, making them highly reactive; they seek stability by stealing electrons from other molecules, which can lead to a chain reaction of damage.

Antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, work by donating an electron to free radicals without becoming unstable themselves. This process stabilizes the free radicals, preventing them from causing further damage to cellular structures like DNA, proteins, and lipids. Thus, the presence of antioxidants is vital for maintaining cellular integrity and overall health. Their ability to neutralize free radicals highlights their protective role in limiting oxidative stress and reducing the risk of various diseases associated with free radical damage.