What effect do trans fats have on heart health?

Trans fats have a well-documented negative impact on heart health, primarily because they increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, while simultaneously decreasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known as "good" cholesterol. This dual effect contributes to a higher risk of heart disease, as elevated LDL levels are linked to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can lead to blockages and cardiovascular events.

By raising LDL levels, trans fats encourage the development of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries, while lowering HDL levels diminishes the body's ability to remove cholesterol from the bloodstream. This imbalance in cholesterol levels is a critical factor in the deterioration of cardiovascular health, making the understanding of trans fats’ effects essential for maintaining heart health.

In contrast, other choices suggest beneficial or neutral effects of trans fats on cholesterol levels or heart health, which runs counter to the established research linking trans fats to heart disease and adverse cholesterol profiles.